This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. She would be his silent witness for all the difficult years ahead. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. Solomon went to work for the British retailer Marks & Spencer. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. Were working to restore it. After all, they won the war.'". [11][pageneeded], Philby provided Stalin with advance warning of Operation Barbarossa and of the Japanese intention to strike into southeast Asia instead of attacking the Soviet Union as Hitler had urged. Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). [20] However, such an act was never a real possibility; upon debriefing Philby in London on 24 May 1937, Maly wrote to the NKVD, "Though devoted and ready to sacrifice himself, [Philby] does not possess the physical courage and other qualities necessary for this [assassination] attempt."[20]. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. Wages and incomes of the population. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. The photographs depict many of the protagonists in this political and military struggle, including Colonel T.E. Please try again later. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby, fdd 1 januari 1912 i Ambala, Provinsen Punjab, Brittiska Indien, dd 11 maj 1988 i Moskva, Sovjetunionen, var en brittisk stor spion och dubbelagent samt verste inom KGB . In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. "Kim said to me, 'I came here totally fully of information, I wanted to give everything I had but no one was interested," explained Pukhova. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. Change). When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). I dont accept Philbys excuses. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. P&P free on orders over 15. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. Rufina Pukhova, his Russian-Polish wife, said Philby struggled to control his drinking by downing only two glasses of cognac a night and then handing her the bottle to hide. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. Required to take new names and identities, Maclean chose to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer of Golden Bough fame, a 12-volume study of mythology and religion). 00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. In late 1944 Philby, on instructions from his Soviet handler, maneuvered through the system successfully to replace Cowgill as head of Section Nine. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. "I said something to the escort and he just stayed silent, sitting, leafing through his magazine. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. They met each other socially but soon fell out. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. He fell for her the moment he met her among the bohemian set he socialised with in Paris, where he was a British diplomat. [5] He also began working for both the Soviet and British intelligence, which usually consisted of posting letters in a crude code to a fictitious girlfriend, Mlle Dupont in Paris, for the Russians. He was a sad traitor. [81] In the book, Philby says that his loyalties were always with the communists; he considered himself not to have been a double agent but "a straight penetration agent working in the Soviet interest". [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. Clear rating. By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. Pierre-Charles Path. After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. He had been ordered to investigate Maclean, another double agent who had been passing British secrets to the Soviets. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. His cover story was that he was a political migr, a trade union leader persecuted in England for his political views. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. From April 1950, Maclean had been the prime suspect in the investigation into the Embassy leak. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. The situation in Washington was tense. In 1946, Philby arranged a divorce from Litzi. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. But he also did it to impress her. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. Alasdair Soussi. We retrace the steps of the vast desert's earliest western adventurers and uncover tales of rivalry, stealth and concern for the future of the Bedouin. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. A plaque in his honour was. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. ", His habit was fuelled by his sorrow over what he saw around him, she added. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different. As a boy, Michael Englebach was taken by his grandfather to watch cricket at . Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. He briefly reported from Cherbourg and Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. And in 1951, as his spying activities unravelled and his Soviet masters told him to defect, she agreed the best course of action was for him to be ex-filtrated rather than try to brazen out the accusations of treachery that were soon to be levelled at him. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. The first was ignored as a provocation, but the second, when this was confirmed by the Russo-German journalist and spy in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, contributed to Stalin's decision to begin transporting troops from the Far East in time for the counteroffensive around Moscow. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. Rate this book. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. Birthdate: circa 1922. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Kim Philby in Russia in 1968, five years after defecting. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912, , 11 1988, ) . He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. Could they have overlooked Philby's Communist wife?" Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. The "affair of the missing diplomats," as it was referred to before Burgess and Maclean surfaced in Moscow,[54] attracted a great deal of public attention, and Burgess's disappearance, which identified him as complicit in Maclean's espionage, deeply compromised Philby's position. When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. Harry George Philby was so named after Harry Truman and George Washington, keeping with. The double spys fourth wife and widow, Rufina Philby, told the paper that her British husband, whom she married in 1971, eight years after his defection, was disappointed about some of what he saw in the USSR. In time, details emerged of their lives after they defected. His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Will former US government informant face terror charges inIndia. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. [56] Lacking access to material of value and out of touch with Soviet intelligence, he all but ceased to operate as a Soviet agent. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. [36][37] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. She flirted with other men and had affairs. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. Melinda, it turned out, had driven to Lausanne, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been left in a station locker. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. Harry George Philby Birth. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. Of France alcoholism and frequent sickness, she said, that he was a political migr a! 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