In addition to being a standalone name, Ade is also a diminutive form of other names that begin with Ade. When the British refused, Kruger declared war. The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. A key act of legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens Act of 1970. Pro-apartheid South Africans attempted to justify the Bantustan policy by citing the British government's 1947 partition of India, which they claimed was a similar situation that did not arouse international condemnation. Ahishakiye (Rwandan origin) meaning "whenever God wants". Specifics of the contact between Bantu-speakers and the indigenous Khoisan ethnic group remain largely unresearched, although linguistic proof of assimilation exists, as several southern Bantu languages (notably Xhosa and Zulu) are theorised in that they incorporate many click consonants from the Khoisan languages, as possibilities of such developing independently are valid as well. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. Johnson: This surname is a patronymic of John. The Patriot revolutionaries then proclaimed the Batavian Republic, which was closely allied to revolutionary France. Desiree Hansson, "Changes in counter-revolutionary state strategy in the decade 197989", in Desiree Hansson and Dirk van Zyl Smit (eds.). [137], During World War II, South Africa's ports and harbours, such as at Cape Town, Durban, and Simon's Town, were important strategic assets to the British Royal Navy. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. Afrikaner settlers in particular were loath to live under Moshoesoe's authority and among Africans.[84]. [83] The British then set about establishing large sugar plantations in the area today named KwaZulu-Natal Province. This list may not reflect recent changes . Except in rare outcrops, however, the main gold deposits had over many years become covered gradually by thousands of feet of hard rock. [226], In 2014, around 47% of (mostly black) South Africans lived in poverty, making it one of the most unequal countries in the world. Introduction: South Africa has a unique history of apartheid that has had significant implications on economic and social policies. Abioye (Yoruba origin) meaning "son of royalty". 4. Mafanela South African. Aubrey Newman, Nicholas J Evans, J Graham Smith & Saul W Issroff. Most of the bodies were dumped in unmarked graves. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. Between 19601994, according to statistics from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Inkatha Freedom Party was responsible for 4,500 deaths, South African Police 2,700, and the ANC about 1,300. 1709 by Zulu kaNtombela. As punishment to the Basotho, the governor and commander-in-chief of the Cape Colony, George Cathcart, deployed troops to the Mohokare River; Moshoeshoe was ordered to pay a fine. The VOC, one of the major European trading houses sailing the spice route to the East, had no intention of colonizing the area, instead wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships could be serviced and restock on supplies. The United Nations Security Council on 6 May 1978 condemned South Africa for the attack. Lerato 'The quantitative Cape: A review of the new historiography of the Dutch Cape Colony', South African Historical Journal 66.1, 2014, pp. The discoveries also led to new conflicts culminating in open warfare between the Boer settlers and the British Empire, fought essentially for control over the nascent South African mining industry. Rhodes and Rudd had earlier made fortunes from diamond mining at Kimberley. [198] The armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe (abbreviation MK, meaning Spear of the Nation) claimed moral legitimacy for the resort to violence on the grounds of necessary defence and just war. In mid-1903 there remained barely half of the 90,000 black labourers who had been employed in the industry in mid-1899. A series of battles ensued, in which Mzilikazi was eventually defeated. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2010). The name is derived from the dutch word Prins (meaning prince), and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the forest. In a referendum held on 17 March 1992, the white electorate voted 68% in favour of democracy. The weaker and less-skilled Dingaan became king, relaxing military discipline while continuing the despotism. Popular South African Surnames and Meanings Abara - This surname is of Igbo origin and it means "spirit." Adebisi - The meaning of this last name is "the king" and it is of Yoruba origin. It caused the consolidation of groups such as the Matebele, the Mfengu and the Makololo. A total of 616 men from the Fifth Battalion of the SANLC drowned on 21 February 1917 when the troopship SS Mendi, on which they were being transported to France, collided with another vessel near the Isle of Wight. Kaya Female | Kaya means "restful place" and is a popular Zulu name. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. [63], By 1860, with slavery having been abolished in 1834, and after the annexation of Natal as a British colony in 1843, the British colonists in Natal (now kwaZulu-Natal) turned to India to resolve a labour shortage, as men of the local Zulu warrior nation were refusing to work on the plantations and farms established by the colonists. Friction between the Griquas and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the region in 1845. Britain's eventual defeat of the Zulus, marking the end of the Zulu nation's independence, was accomplished with the assistance of Zulu collaborators who harboured cultural and political resentments against centralised Zulu authority. Meanwhile, 34-year-old South African pacer Shabnim Ismail not only took three wickets but also registered her name in record books by bowling the fastest ball in women's cricket. [144] He returned in 1923, and continued working in the Union of South Africa as a German Spy for the Third Reich. In the southeastern part of South Africa, Boer settlers and the Xhosa clashed along the Great Fish River, and in 1779 the First Xhosa War broke out. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an overwhelming victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. Britain had allocated the sum of 1 200 000 British Pounds as compensation to the Dutch settlers, on condition the Dutch farmers had to lodge their claims in Britain as well as the fact that the value of the slaves was many times the allocated amount. "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. Tau m Southern African, Tswana, Sotho. This aim was complicated by border conflicts with the Boers, who soon developed a distaste for British authority. In 1874, Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. [248], Police and military authorities were mobilised to quell the unrest. Information on our advertising guidelines can be found. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. The British, who at that time controlled the area between the Orange and Vaal Rivers called the Orange River Sovereignty, decided a discernible boundary was necessary and proclaimed a line named the Warden Line, dividing the area between British and Basotho territories. Boujettif Northern African (Archaic) Meaning, "The family of the son of the Clever Head" or "One Whom Possess a Clever Head." Bou (normally used in the North African Regions of the Maghrib Countries) has 2 possible derivative meanings both originating from the Arabic language, "Son of." or an Arabic word Tho meaning, "One Who Possess A Quality."Jettif is a variance of Jettef, Jeif or Ji'f . The British suffragette Emily Hobhouse visited British concentration camps in South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there. A majority of politically moderate Afrikaners were pragmatic and did not support the AWB's extremism. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. [62], By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). No gold was ever discovered in the annexed territory. 37. [210] Both sides were forced to the negotiating table, with the result that in June 1991, all apartheid laws were finally rescinded- opening the way for the country's first multiracial democratic elections three years later. South Africa's ports and harbours on the Home Front were a crucial strategic asset when conducting a war on a global scale. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. Some groups, ancestral to today's Nguni peoples (the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele), preferred to live near the eastern coast of what is present-day South Africa. [150][151] In the early to mid-1990s, the AWB attempted unsuccessfully through various acts of public violence and intimidation to derail the country's transition to democracy. The Cape and the VOC had to import Dutch farmers to establish farms to supply the passing ships as well as to supply the growing VOC settlement. [175][176], In early-November 1975, immediately after Portugal granted independence to its former African colony of Angola, civil war broke out between the rival UNITA and MPLA movements. The convention came into force on 18 July 1976. A movement known as the Torch Commando was formed in the 1950s, led by white war veterans who had fought fascism in Europe and North Africa during World War II, only to find fascism on the rise in South Africa when they returned home. Their South African National Party, later known as the South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line. Most of the deaths occurred between 1992 and 1993, after South African and Cuban involvement had ended. [127], Dissatisfaction with British influence in the Union's affairs reached a climax in September 1914, when impoverished Boers, anti-British Boers and bitter-enders launched a rebellion. The independent Boer republic of Orange Free State evolved from colonial Britain's Orange River Sovereignty, enforced by the presence of British troops, which lasted from 1848 to 1854 in the territory between the Orange and Vaal rivers, named Transorange. [219] By 2019 the number of skilled black South Africans emigrating out of the country had surpassed the number of white emigres. [190] However, the South African military had lost air superiority and its technological advantage, largely due to an international arms embargo against the country. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco). Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. Long-standing Boer resentment turned into full-blown rebellion in the Transvaal and the first AngloBoer War, also known as the Boer Insurrection, broke out in 1880. South African Broadcasting Corporation and South African History Archive, Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53, Learn how and when to remove this template message, migrated from the western region of central Africa, Maritime history of the Dutch East India Company, Military history of the Dutch East India Company, Flag of the Republic of the Orange Free State, Military history of South Africa during World War I, Military history of South Africa during World War II, South African Institute of Race Relations, Timeline of liberal parties in South Africa, "Portuguese & Dutch Exploration of South Africa", "Dutch East India Company (DEIC)/VOC | South African History Online", "mtDNA variation in the South African Kung and Khwe, and their genetic relationships to other African populations", "History of click-speaking populations of Africa inferred from mtDNA and Y chromosome genetic variation", "The archaeology of indigenous herders in the Western Cape of South Africa", "Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages", "The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa", "The Untold Stories of Slavery at Cape Town's Iziko Slave Lodge", "South Africa - British occupation of the Cape | Britannica", https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/batavian-republic-1803-1806, "A Tempest In A Teapot? [4] The Dutch East India Company established a trading post in Cape Town under the command of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652,[5] European workers who settled at the Cape became known as the Free Burghers and gradually established farms in the Dutch Cape Colony.[6]. Anthony Egan, Review of "The Hidden Thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era" by Irina Filatova & Apollon Davidson, Phyllis Johnson & David Martin, Apartheid Terrorism: The destabilisation report, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989, p.122, UN General Assembly, res n 2154 (XXI), 17 November 1966. [118] The enormous wealth of the mines was in the hands of European "Randlords" overseeing the mainly British foreign managers, mining foremen, engineers and technical specialists, characterised by the Boers as uitlander, meaning aliens. Prinsloo is an Afrikaans surname. After considerable debate, and following submissions from advocacy groups, individuals and ordinary citizens, the Parliament enacted a new Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1996. [206], A non-racial United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition of about 400 civic, church, student, trade union and other organisations emerged in 1983. [101] The wealth derived from Kimberley diamond mining, having effectively tripled the customs revenue of the Cape Colony from 1871 to 1875, also doubled its population, and allowed it to expand its boundaries and railways to the north. Meaning: 'Child that keeps coming or reincarnation.' 5. Nala Origin: Somali, African Meaning: Us Alternative Spellings & Variations: Naala, Nale, Nahla, Nalla Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). Independent sovereignty of the republic was formally recognised by Great Britain with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. The Portuguese mariner Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to explore the coastline of South Africa in 1488, while attempting to discover a trade route to the Far East via the southernmost cape of South Africa, which he named Cabo das Tormentas, meaning Cape of Storms. Sizwe m Southern African, Xhosa. Large corporations were allowed to shift their main listings abroad. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. By 16 December, the fleet had passed the Great Fish River on the east coast of South Africa, where Dias had earlier turned back. His impis (warrior regiments) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death.[46]. [138] By August 1945, South African Air Force aircraft in conjunction with British and Dutch aircraft stationed in South Africa had intercepted 17 enemy ships, assisted in the rescue of 437 survivors of sunken ships, attacked 26 of the 36 enemy submarines operating the vicinity of the South African coast, and flown 15,000 coastal patrol sorties. The precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African exports for decades to come. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. -- 262 p. CS3080.S6 R6 Bibliography: p. 261-262. Its underground cells conducted armed robberies to raise funds and obtain weapons and vehicles. Just as he had done in 1919, Smuts urged the delegates to create a powerful international body to preserve peace; he was determined that, unlike the League of Nations, the UN would have teeth. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. [108], Within two years of gold being discovered on the Witwatersrand, four mining finance houses had been established. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. A significant number of the offspring from the white and slave unions were absorbed into the local proto-Afrikaans speaking white population. While some maintained separateness, others were grouped into a category known as Coloureds, a multiracial ethnic group which includes people with shared ancestry from two or more of these groups: Khoisan, Bantu, English, Afrikaners, Austronesians, East Asians and South Asians. It comes from a Punjabi word 'gil, which means 'prosperity'. [77][78] To European settlers in Southern Africa, the same form of tribute was believed to constitute purchase and permanent ownership of the land under independent authority. [45] Shaka built large armies, breaking from clan tradition by placing the armies under the control of his own officers rather than of hereditary chiefs. The Coloured element was generally supportive and many served in a Coloured Corps in East Africa and France, also hoping to better themselves after the war.[131]. Smiths created objects of iron, copper and gold both for local decorative use and for foreign trade. [242] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) found that competition over jobs, business opportunities, public services and housing gave rise to tension among refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and host communities, identified as a main cause of the xenophobic violence. [243] South Africa received more than 207,000 individual asylum applications in 2008 and a further 222,300 in 2009, representing nearly a four-fold rise in both years over the levels seen in 2007. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . [160] Elphick, Richard; Giliomee, Hermann (eds. 2. -- Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1965. He then set out on a massive programme of expansion, killing or enslaving those who resisted in the territories he conquered. [249][250] By mid-July, the South African National Defense Forces had deployed approximately 25,000 military personnel. The Cape nonetheless remained nominally part of the British Empire, even though it was self-governing in practice. The stat was also shown on television, which . Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. [27], The VOC had settled at the Cape in order to supply their trading ships. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. [8] The first human habitation is associated with a DNA group originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa and still prevalent in the indigenous Khoisan (Khoi and San). [3], European exploration of the African coast began in the 13th century when Portugal committed itself to discover an alternative route to the silk road that would lead to China. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. South Africa had the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS compared to any other country in the world, with 5,600,000 people afflicted by the disease and 270,000 HIV-related deaths were recorded in 2011. Waterboer, fearing conflict with the Boer republic of Orange Free State, subsequently asked for and received British protection. Abara: Originating from the Igbo group of West Africa, Abara means 'spirit'. The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. "Women in South Africa: the historiography in English.". 83,000 Blacks and 2,500 Coloureds and Asians also served in either German South-West Africa, East Africa, the Middle East, or on the Western Front in Europe. Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. Owners who had purchased slaves on credit or put them up as surety against loans faced financial ruin. [59] Annexation also precipitated a war between British colonial forces and the indigenous Xhosa nation in 1850, in the eastern coastal region.[60]. [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. (2014). Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. Estimates for the death toll resulting from the Mfecane range from 1 million to 2 million.[47][48][49][50]. Similarly, schools, justice and trade up to the arrival of the British, were all managed in the Dutch language. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. [91], The Bapedi wars, also known as the Sekhukhune wars, consisted of three separate campaigns fought between 1876 and 1879 against the Bapedi under their reigning monarch King Sekhukhune I, in the northeastern region known as Sekhukhuneland, bordering on Swaziland. , land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa according..., Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa has a unique of! 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south african surname origins