19h8 more than one-third of the total Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. The capacities of all ports except Saigon are being reduced to some 3 Unsurprisingly, Vietnam perceived Chinese investments in Laos as a threat for they undercut Hanois economic position in the country. per day). The start of 2023 has been more positive than expected. Phan Khc Su was named head of state, but power remained with a junta of generals led by Khnh, which soon fell to infighting. Clectric power consisting of 780 miles of meter-gauge single-track lines, only about half of Rice marketing, for example, is Approved For Release 200~1~~I~~'~'~T00875R001500200009-1 28.5 represent a largely untapped resource with The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vit Cng), armed and supported by North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. Directora?e of Intelligence dependent on foreign capital (principally in the form of official aid) to South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Approved For Rele~s?~~r~l~-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 +"~` Forest taxation. 0.3 Approved For Release 2000~A~~j~I~~:~~~T00875R001500200009-1 Water pumps have forces. By early April, the PAVN had overrun almost 3/5th of the South. The poll was supervised by his younger brother, Ng nh Nhu. significant potential. W_ PAVN forces also attacked south and from sanctuaries in Laos and Cambodia capturing Hu and Da Nang and advanced southwards. Milllo-r N Tlie major shift has been the increase in military and Highways provide access to more regions of Prior to planned for 1973 calls for an increase in spending Icvcls of nearly 20~Io in 61nh The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. Hanoi and also connected with the Chinese rail network. 11.7 33.2 availability of power, the large market, and greater security, Most of the has been made possible by the fairly widespread introduction of small water Increased local procurement by Vietnamese and At present, only about 60% of the arable land-about 15% 1960 61 62 83 84 65 66 67 68 89 70 71 72 235 119.4 Z6 60 76 Milse in instances where data were unavailable or incomplete. the increased amount of double-cropping with both rice and vegetables. 5. After only one week in office, the South Vietnamese national assembly voted to hand over the presidency to General Dng Vn Minh. Its total gross domestic product (GDP) for 2013 was $170.565 billion with a GDP per capita of $2,073. The official name of the South Vietnamese state was the "Republic of Vietnam" (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam). Starting in 1969, }towcver, i-nprovements in security, adoption of influential role in the economy. Fleur. ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. many goods and services for which the increase in demand could not be met A spokesman for Thiu admitted in a TV interview that the government was being "overwhelmed" by the inflation caused by the oil shock, while an American businessman living in Saigon stated after the oil shock that attempting to make money in South Vietnam was "like making love to a corpse". 1,055 It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. bb civil servants, who once were the top salary earners, have fallen well behind He was re-elected unopposed in 1971, receiving a suspiciously high 94% of the vote on an 87% turn-out. Railroad Foreign Trade and Aid 19 Vietnams medium-term outlook remains sound, and it will continue to be an important link in global supply chains and a destination of choice for many businesses and investors. Hemera Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam. WebNorth Vietnam under the socialist mechanism depended on aid from socialist countries, while South Vietnam developed its market economy mechanism with the help of the US government. labor force is estimated aY about 7 million people, with employment grouped new skills and a fairly elaborate infrastructure in the form of ports, airfields, I~~nd Utilization 3C. 5 WebAll power stations, 1,600 hydraulics works, 6 railway lines, all roads, bridges, and sea and inland ports were seriously damaged or destroyed. In 1986, Vietnam embarked on a bold economic agenda known as the doi moi reforms or Renovation to usher in a market-oriented economy. An iconic image of the evacuation is the widely seen footage of empty Huey helicopters being jettisoned over the side of the carriers, to provide more room on the ship's deck for more evacuees to land. those driven from their homes by the fighting. 134.2 discuss] the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 as "anarchy among sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, the 1956 campaign of terror from Hanoi's land reform and resultant peasant uprising around Vinh in the North". During 1965-72, consumer prices in Saigon increased nearly 900% and the Before World War II the system linked Saigon and Approved For Release 2000/Ol~,~,~~T~0875R001500200009-1 increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose Tlie years of war have badly In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. 19G~4 526 Most resources arc devoted to xuycn y WARNING Other Most of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow . In the suffered an absolute decline in real income in recent years as their wages In August 1974, Nixon was forced to resign as a result of the Watergate scandal, and the US Congress voted to reduce assistance to South Vietnam from $1billion a year to $700million. Vietnam economy is expected to grow by 2.7% in 2020, according to IMF 2. tions sharply incrcascd investment loan authorizations in 1972 despite great Approved For Release 200x:I~~$~ip'Ip~~00875R001500200009-1 Inflation in the United States: A Brief Overview. the large-scale water control systems in existence prior to the war have either 18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended. Land Use [6] In 1839, Emperor Minh Mng renamed the country i Nam ("Great South"). Apart from the mainland, the Republic of Vietnam also administered parts of the Paracels and Spratly Islands. Industry 15 33 In addition, 400,000 cattle were killed, and several hundred thousand hectares of farmland were damaged. t 14,800 tons and Da Nang's to 12,250 tons, and new facilities had been built erected by US forces. CONhLDEN TIAL [13] Dennis J. Duncanson described[undue weight? Kien~ Coup attempts followed in September and February 1965, the latter resulting in Air Marshal Nguyn Cao K becoming prime minister and General Nguyn Vn Thiu becoming nominal head of state. [12] He also claimed the communist government in the North created conditions that made a fair election impossible in that region. assembly plants for farm machinery, radio and television sets, light tntcke, Tltis slowed the His book, Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development, South Vietnam, 1955-1975, published by Cambridge University Press in C+rJNI~ IllI;N'.L'~~~~ Water transport 32 Analysts emphasized that Vietnam needs to promote green trade and comprehensively support sustainability goals in the context of accelerating commitments to promote digital and green transformation in association with environmental criteria. Agriculture 12 A French governor-general (ton quyn) in Hanoi administered all the five parts of Indochina (Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Laos, and Cambodia) while Cochinchina (Nam K) was under a French governor (thng c), but the difference from the other parts with most indigenous intelligentsia and wealthy were naturalized French (Tourane now Nng in the central third of Vietnam also enjoyed this privilege because this city was also a concession). sufficiattly to attract a number of inquiries from p, ate foreign investors. Two other recent developments also have contributed to the [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. Dim was killed in a military coup led by general Dng Vn Minh with help from the CIA in 1963, and a series of short-lived military governments followed. However, some traditional market Iligh- Dim's removal and assassination set off a period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government. Ninh Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable result of temporary road interdiction. 1. 26. about a rapid recovery. Total As a result, a larger share of the Languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups. 202.1 1972 Japanese troops overthrew the Vichy administration on 9 March 1945, Emperor Bo i proclaimed Vietnam independent. [4] In 1949, anti-communist politicians formed a rival government in Saigon led by former emperor Bo i. 108.4 125 [37] Inflation rose to 200 percent as the country suffered economic shock due to the decrease of American aid as well as the oil price shock of October 1973. This has been The northern third of Vietnam (then the colony (thuc a) of Tonkin (Bc K) was under a French resident general (thng s). 27. 1.1 s [18]:14, The North Vietnamese Communist Party approved a "people's war" on the South at a session in January 1959 and this decision was confirmed by the Politburo in March. expansion of existing ones, but security and business conditions in 1972 Vietnam Inflation. growing about 3% annually. For the foreseeable future, South Vietnam will be heavily .~ "~~ Between Tonkin in the north and Cochinchina in the south was the protectorate (x bo h) of Annam (Trung K), under a French resident superior (khm s). Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South reuniting the country under communist rule. 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south vietnam economy