Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. In order to please his patron, Monsieur, who was so enthralled with entertainment and art that he was soon excluded from state affairs, Molire wrote and played Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux (The Jealous Prince, 4 February 1661), a heroic comedy derived from a work of Cicognini's. The womens fatuities, which they consider the height of wit, suggest their warped view of culture in which material things are of no account. WebIn 1658, Louis XIV granted Molires acting company permission to take up residence in the Petit-Bourbon palace after the company had been touring the provinces for thirteen years, for which Molire, in the preface to one of his plays, expressed gratitude. [10] Broun was enthusiastic only about Blanche Bates' performance. [17] It then went to the Potter Theatre in Santa Barbara,[18] and the Colombia Theater in San Francisco. The resulting war lasted from 1688 to 1697. WebIn 1658, Louis XIV granted Molires acting company permission to take up residence in the Petit-Bourbon palace after the company had been touring the provinces for thirteen years, for which Molire, in the preface to one of his plays, expressed gratitude. The superstition that green brings bad luck to actors is said to originate from the colour of the clothing he was wearing at the time of his death. Corrections? Franoise Madame de Montespan, mistress to Louis XIV. Dinosaures : mais quoi pouvaient bien servir ces tranges griffes ? The king returns unexpectedly; he is angry to find Molire and Franoise together. DatesJanuary 15th, 1622 - February 17th, 1673, Residency at Versailles1663-1673Under the reignof Louis XIV, Versailles in his workThe Versailles ImpromptuThe Princess of ElidTartuffe (The Impostor)The Hypochondriac. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau de Vis, who became fond of his theatre. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. The troupe failed to become established in Paris, so Molire and his fellow actors decided to join Charles Dufresnes travelling company. However, they made a crucial mistake by performing a tragedy instead of one of their popular comedies. Favourite Collect. These six days of spectacular celebrations firmly established the legend of Versailles as a festive venue. Marie Cress died on 11 May 1632 (Gaines 2002, p. xi). It was likely that he changed his name to spare his father the shame of having an actor in the family (actors, although no longer vilified by the state under Louis XIV, were still not allowed to be buried in sacred ground). Feasts of 1674, third day: "The imaginary patient", comedy represented in the garden of Versailles in front of the cave, The Pleasures of the Enchanted Island: 2nd day, May 7, 1664: representation of the ballet comedy of Molire and Lulli "The Princess of Elis" on the green theater set up in the middle of the royal alley, My argument is that there exists something admirable in man, whatever you may say, that all the philosophers cannot explain., Palacefrom 9.00 am to 5.30 pmClosed on Mondays, Estate of Trianonfrom 12.00 pm to 5.30 pmClosed on Mondays, + 33 1 30 83 78 00price of a call to France. Amazon casse le prix de cet cran gaming incurv AOC ! King Louis XIIIs chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, maneuvered to weaken the power of the nobility and consolidate the kings absolute authority, justified by a He won this contest almost single-handed. Updates? Franoise has invited both Molire and Armande to her apartments, unbeknownst to each other. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comdie-ballets, and more. [fn 1] Max Size, 2827 x 1600px JPG, Size: 2.5 MB. The French 1978 film simply titled Molire directed by Ariane Mnouchkine and starring Philippe Caubre presents his complete biography. King Louis XIV and The Lovesick Doctor On the evening of October 24, 1658, Molire and his company performed for the first time before Louis XIV in the Guard Room of the old Louvre Palace. Molire was always careful not to attack the institution of monarchy. [6], Through the patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orlansthe brother of Louis XIVMolire procured a command performance before the King at the Louvre. On February 17, 1673, he collapsed onstage during a performance of his play The Imaginary Invalid and was carried home to die. Moliere was the alias of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, born in 1622 to a upholsterer who served the royal household. With England against him, he had to try to prevent Spain from falling into the hands of the equally hostile Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, who disputed Philips claim. His absolute monarchy was one of the most successful during the Age of Absolution, having the longest rule of any monarch in Europe. It is said that soon thereafter Molire became angry with Racine when he was told that he had secretly presented his tragedy to the company of the Htel de Bourgogne as well. Today, Molires work is considered one of the highlights of world literature. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. Learn how and when to remove this template message, theatre in the east wing of the Palais-Royal, "France looks to the law to save the language of Molire", "15 January: Remembering Molire on Birthday", "Biography, Bibliography, Analysis, Plot overview", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Molire&oldid=1138405272, 17th-century French dramatists and playwrights, Articles needing additional references from January 2018, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Roy, Donald (1995). These six days of spectacular celebrations firmly established the legend of Versailles as a festive venue. Pourquoi Louis XIV s'est-il install Versailles ? Favourite Collect. WebDuring these 12 years he polished his skills as actor, director, administrator, and playwright. So far he had followed his father's plans, which had served him well; he had mingled with nobility at the Collge de Clermont and seemed destined for a career in office. This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 06:03. It was at this time that he began to use the pseudonym Molire, possibly inspired by a small village of the same name in the Midi near Le Vigan. This page was last edited on 21 January 2023, at 11:33. From the end of 1645, for no fewer than 13 years, the troupe sought a living touring the provinces. Please email digital@historytoday.com if you have any problems. Franoise repeats a lie of Giovanni Lulli, that Molire has written a play satirizing Franoise, her husband, and the king. The repulse of a Turkish invasion of his Austrian domains left the emperor free to oppose France in the west. It is testimony to the freshness of his vision that the greatest comic artists working centuries later in other media, such as Charlie Chaplin, have been compared to Molire. They were met with public outcry and were suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church. The first two acts have a single scene, while the third has a curtain drop to signal the passage of two hours time. Molire is often associated with the claim that comedy castigat ridendo mores or "criticises customs through humour" (a phrase in fact coined by his contemporary Jean de Santeuil and sometimes mistaken for a classical Latin proverb). Having turned his back on a career in the law, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin decided to become an actor instead and founded the Illustre-Thtre in 1643. Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 In 1672, Madeleine Bjart died, and Molire suffered from this loss and from the worsening of his own illness. Competition, the fight for existence, was the keynote of Molires whole career. Almost alone he had defeated a formidable coalition (Spain and the Holy Roman emperor had joined the Dutch against him) and dictated terms to the enemy. Molires first Paris play, Les Prcieuses ridicules (The Affected Young Ladies), prefigured what was to come. Download. The king allegedly suggested that Molire suspend performances of Tartuffe, and the author rapidly wrote Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre to replace it. On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. According to Cronyn, he mentioned to Olivier that he (Cronyn) was about to play the title role in The Miser, and that Olivier then responded "Molire? He had extended the frontier of France in the north by annexing part of Flanders and in the east by seizing Lorraine and Franche-Comt. R.B. WebMoliere and Louis XIV R.B. [10] Corbin also thought the play too "literesque" but "intelligently so", and was enthused about the scenery, costumes, Alice Gale, and the lead actors. Louis XIV est un fervent dfenseur des arts et du thtre. [9] A local critic thought it good that Moeller was willing to take a chance on a more serious work, though the first act was "sketchy", a mere prelude to the slender plot. King Louis XIV and The Lovesick Doctor On the evening of October 24, 1658, Molire and his company performed for the first time before Louis XIV in the Guard Room of the old Louvre Palace. [10] Flippant though his first night review may read, Broun thought strongly enough about the play to write a two-column article about it a few days later. Excommunie par l'glise, son pouse doit intervenir auprs du roi pour qu'il puisse avoir un enterrement et une spulturespulture catholique. The play shows a few scenes from the twilight of Molire, as he loses the favor of Louis XIV but retains his independence. More lay behind these attacks on Le Tartuffe and its author than was immediately obvious. However, the king expressed support for the author, granting him a pension and agreeing to be the godfather of Molire's first son. WebThis was the first grand party given in Versailles by Louis XIV, and was also the first time, under the aegis of the king, that Molire and Lully collaborated. "one of the theatre's greatest comic artists". Jean Lon Grme Catalogue raisonn, 2000, User:Paris 16/Recent uploads/2022 April 4-6, User:Paris 16/Recent uploads/2022 October 23-25, File:Jean-Lon Grme - Louis XIV and Moliere.jpg, Wikidata:WikiProject sum of all paintings/Creator/Jean-Lon Grme, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jean-Lon_Grme_-_Louis_XIV_and_Moliere.jpg&oldid=698918299, Works by Jean-Lon Grme by Ackerman-2 number, Artworks with Wikidata item missing genre, Artworks with Wikidata item missing institution, Artworks digital representation of 2D work, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, height: 42 cm (16.5 in); width: 75 cm (29.5 in), {{Painting| |Title = {{en|Louis XIV and Moliere}} |Artist = Jean-Lon Grme |Year = 1862 |Technique = Oil on panel |Dimensions = (42 x 75 cm) |Gallery = Malden Public Library |Location = Malden, Ma. He knew well how to make use of them. Molire was forced to reach Paris in stages, staying outside for a few weeks in order to promote himself with society gentlemen and allow his reputation to feed in to Paris. King Louis XIIIs chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, maneuvered to weaken the power of the nobility and consolidate the kings absolute authority, justified by a Molire's works continued to garner positive feedback in 18th-century England, but they were not so warmly welcomed in France at this time. Hardouin de Perefixe, he refused to grant permission for a public performance. King Louis XIIIs chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, maneuvered to weaken the power of the nobility and consolidate the kings absolute authority, justified by a Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. Here it was that all Molires Paris plays were staged, starting with Dom Garcie de Navarre; ou, le prince jaloux (Don Garcia of Navarre; or, The Jealous Prince) in February 1661, a heroic comedy of which much was hoped; it failed on the stage and succeeded only in inspiring Molire to work on Le Misanthrope. Molire's study in his theatre in the Palais-Royal; about 4pm on February 17, 1673. Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 His mother had inculcated in him a narrow and simplistic religion, and he understood nothing of the Reformation. In 1660 the Petit-Bourbon was demolished to make way for the eastern expansion of the Louvre, but Molire's company was allowed to move into the abandoned theatre in the east wing of the Palais-Royal. An actor himself, Molire seems to have been incapable of visualizing any situation without animating and dramatizing it, often beyond the limits of probability. It was a strange work, derived from a work by Tirso de Molina and rendered in a prose that still seems modern today. Many of his plays contained scandalous material. WebWhen he was 13 years old, Molire was sent to the prestigious school Jesuits College of Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand) until 1641. WebLouis XIV invites Molire to share his supperan unfounded Romantic anecdote, illustrated in 1863 painting by Jean-Lon Grme In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced. Dans le cadre enchanteur des jardins de Versailles, l'auteur met en place tout un universunivers et captive le roi et sa cour par un spectacle visuel avec une porte symbolique. Historians differ as to whether his father or the lover of a member of his troupe paid his debts; either way, after a 24-hour stint in prison he returned to the acting circuit. No history of these years is possible, though municipal registers and church records show the company emerging here and there: in Nantes in 1648, in Toulouse in 1649, and so on. At the time he was wrapped up with staging the first Theatre Guild productions. WebLouis XIV and Molire (1862) Jean-Lon Grme (French, 1824-1904) Facebook Twitter Pinterest. After the Mlicerte and the Pastorale comique, he tried again to perform a revised Tartuffe in 1667, this time with the name of Panulphe or L'Imposteur. WebDuring these 12 years he polished his skills as actor, director, administrator, and playwright. [4] His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molire". The ostentation, gambling, and entertainments did not disappear, but the court, subjected to an outward display of propriety, became suffused with boredom. It centres on two provincial young women who are exposed by valets masquerading as masters in scenes that contrast, on the one hand, the womens desire for elegance coupled with a lack of common sense and, on the other, the valets plain speech seasoned with cultural clichs. WebLouis XIV the King of France. Cambridge Univ. Fortunately, he was dead wrong. Quelle est l'histoire des possdes de Loudun au XVIIe sicle ? WebXIV (16381715) in 1658, it was Molire's comedy, Le Docteur amoureux , 1664 Molire was invited to perform Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur, an attack on religious hypocrisy, for Louis XIV at Versailles, France. In the course of his travels he met Armand, Prince of Conti, the governor of Languedoc, who became his patron, and named his company after him. The Prince of Conti, once Molire's friend, joined them. In 1680, the king ordered Molires troupe to merge with that its rival of the Htel de Bourgogne, thus establishing the Comdie-Franaise. His son assumed the same posts in 1641. To his traditional enemies Louis now added the entire Protestant world. He viewed French Protestants as potential rebels. He reconciled himself to another painful sacrifice when he recognized William of Orange as William III of England, in violation of his belief in the divine right of the Stuart king James II to Williams throne. [7], Molire had its first tryout at Ford's Grand Opera House in Baltimore, on February 24, 1919, where it played for a week. Little remains of his splendid palaces at Saint-Germain and Marly, but Versaillescursed as extravagant even as it was under construction and accused of having ruined the nationstill stands. Each version represented a different stage in a conflict that brought the playwright up against the great secular and religious forces of seventeenth-century France. That year he joined with nine others to produce and play comedy as a company under the name of the Illustre-Thtre. The collaboration with Lully ended with a tragdie et ballet, Psych, written in collaboration with Pierre Corneille and Philippe Quinault. These six days of spectacular celebrations firmly established the legend of Versailles as a festive venue. Courtiers and Ladies-in-Waiting, Actors and Actresses. Colbert also died, leaving the way free for the bellicose Louvois. [21] During the comdies-ballets, Molire collaborated with Pierre Beauchamp. [fn 6] Molire opened for a one-week run at the Mason Opera House on July 7, 1919. He began to write full, five-act comedies in verse (L'tourdi (Lyon, 1654) and Le dpit amoureux (Bziers, 1656)), which although immersed in the gags of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part of Madeleine Bjart and Molire's plans to win aristocratic patronage and, ultimately, move the troupe to a position in a Paris theater-venue. He held his company together by his technical competence and force of personality. WebLouis XIV was not wrong, as some have claimed, to remove himself from unhealthful and tumultuous Paris, but he erred in breaking with the wandering tradition of his ancestors. Some of these farces were only partly written, and were played in the style of Commedia dell'arte with improvisation over a canovaccio (a vague plot outline). The age of reason, 1660-1805, was a time to restore order while finding humor in those who stray away from order. Molire is a 1919 play written by Philip Moeller, who subtitled it "A Romantic Play in Three Acts". The truth is that there is little information except legend and satire. [9], Originally intended for Henry Miller's Theater,[fn 5] Molire instead had its Broadway premiere on March 17, 1919, at Klaw and Erlanger's Liberty Theatre. After having tried to convert them by force, he revoked the Edict of Nantes, which had guaranteed their freedom of worship, in 1685. With some conjecture, Molire's play can be seen to allude to the love affairs of Louis XIV, then king of France. [15] Two nights before, an audience member had slumped from his seat to die on the floor, perhaps in sympathy with Molire and the play. Both this work and his marriage attracted much criticism. In 1680 the marquise de Montespan, who had replaced Mme de La Vallire as Louiss mistress in 1667, was implicated in the Affair of the Poisons, a scandal in which a number of prominent people were accused of sorcery and murder. It apparently was a success and secured the favour of the kings brother Philippe, duc dOrlans. Mme si l'glise voit d'un trs mauvais ilil les comdiens, LouisXIV prend leur dfense et leur alloue parfois des bourses et des salles o ils peuvent se produire. [28] The first to offer full translations of Molire's verse plays such as Tartuffe into English verse was Curtis Hidden Page, who produced blank verse versions of three of the plays in his 1908 translation. 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louis xiv and moliere