[35] Simon fortifies Jerusalem (1 Maccabees 13:10) and secures the reoccupation of Joppa (1 Maccabees 13:11), leading the people in peace and prosperity until he is murdered by agents of Ptolemy, son of Abubus, who had been named governor of the region by the Macedonian Greeks. Do a bit of research on Hanukkah and talk what you have learnt about this very important Jewish festival. He may also have consulted it for Book 1 of The Jewish War. However, this original Hebrew has been lost, and the work only survives in translation in Koine Greek contained in the Septuagint, the Greek version of the Jewish scriptures. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. According to her glory, so was her dishonor multiplied, and her high estate was turned into mourning. The author, probably a Palestinian Jew, is unknown. Omissions? [14][15] Various reconstructions have been proposed: Gustaf Dalman, meanwhile, suggests that the title is a corruption of the Aramaic "The Book of the House of the Hasmoneans". 1 After Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came from the land of Kittim, had defeateda King Darius of the Persians and the Medes, he succeeded him as king. Snow Crash Summary. The first two books only are part of canonical scripture in the Septuagint and the Vulgate (hence are canonical to Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy) and are included in the Protestant Apocrypha. When, therefore, you see the abomination of desolation, which was spoken of through Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place (let the reader understand). The second book is not a sequel to 1 Maccabees; it partially covers the same history (176 - 160 b.c.). George Leo Haydock. Friend. What did it mean to be Jewish in a predominantly Greek culture? [21][22] The English equivalent would be writing new books in the style of the King James Version. VERSE 38. Demetrius' death is reported in 1 Maccabees 10:50, and Ptolemy VI Philometor and Alexander Balas, claimant to the Seleucid throne, enter into an agreement under which Alexander marries Cleopatra Thea, Ptolemy's daughter (1 Maccabees 10:58). [13] The word "Maccabees" in plural, however, does not appear to have been used until centuries after the Maccabean Revolt. 2 He had five sons: John, who was called Gaddi; 3 Simon, who VERSE 43. and many of Israel consented to his worship, and sacrificed to the idols, and profaned the Sabbath. Thus 1 Maccabeesas well as the other books of this genrefaced a major political obstacle to their acceptance. Modin. Maccabees , (fl. 64 My children, be courageous and grow strong in the law, for by it you will gain honour. In any case, the name later came to be used for Judah's brothers as as a family name, as well as to each of the books of "Maccabee. In February 135, however, he is assassinated at the instigation of his son-in-law Ptolemy. 20 And now we have . St. Augustine wrote in The City of God that they were preserved for their accounts of the martyrs. [50] He also cites the fact that it makes various "admissions against interest" such as openly describing rebel military defeats, unlike 2 Maccabees which obscures or omits such matters. The Maccabees then ruled over Israel, first as High Priests and then as High Priests and Princes of Israel. Its vocabulary and style indicate a Greek original. Sign up for our short, weekly email about how we're inviting people to discover the Bible. 1 and 2 Maccabees reflect on this question in slightly different ways. 25) gives testimony to the existence of an original Hebrew text. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. 1 The Simon mentioned above as the informer against the funds and against his country began slandering Onias, insinuating that the latter had been responsible for the assault on Heliodorus and himself had contrived this misfortune. In the town of Modein, the priest Mattathias finds the situation intolerable. VERSE 24. VERSE 21. and entered presumptuously into the sanctuary, and took the golden altar, and the candlestick of the light, and all that pertained thereto. First Maccabees can be divided as follows: Copyright 2019-2023 USCCB, please review our Privacy Policy. From this it follows that, for the just man, supreme glory consists in being ready to give ones life, if necessary, to defend Gods intereststhe Law, which every Jew must strictly obey. However, we believers CANNOT do evil that good may result. The period of peace and prosperity is celebrated in a biblical-style poetic passage, the "Eulogy of Simon",[36] which Rappaport considers to be "one of the most important poetic passages in 1 Maccabees".[37]. It also uses anachronistic terms at times to make explicit parallels between the exploits of the Hasmoneans and earlier Jewish heroes; for example, it refers to the coastal region of Palestine as the land of the Philistines, despite the Philistines no longer being a relevant cultural grouping in the era. In those days rose up Mattathias the son of John, the son of Simeon, a priest of the sons of Joarib, from Jerusalem; and he lived at Modin. VERSE 25. That is, they covered over their circumcision. 6 summary 1 john chapter 5 usccb irregulars chapter 5 1 mangakakalot com family affair vol 1 chapter 5 w mangairo com 1 maccabees chapter 5 usccb chapter 5 determining income and calculating rent 5 1 hard times book the first sowing chapters 5 8 summary ch 5 where s all my stuff the witcher gamefaqs jane eyre volume 1 chapter 5 shmoop chapter . He also requires Jewish leaders to sacrifice to idols. They will not live a lie. [ a] 2 He had five sons: John, who was called Gaddi; 3 Simon, who was called Thassi; 4 Judas, who was called Maccabeus; 5 Eleazar, who was called Avaran; and Jonathan, who was called . We will be talking about events that happened in the second century, which took place in Judea located in the Syrian empire. The kingdom began to decline under Ptolemy IV Philopator, who was a bad administrator and led a dissolute life. VERSE 1. The Book: 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible which was written by a Jewish (pre-Christian) author, probably about 100 BC, after the restoration of an independent Jewish kingdom. to the death of Simeon the Hasmonean (135 B.C.E.). Reflect on whether you think that Mattathias and his sons were right to rebel against their Greek oppressors.We are challenged about how we should behave towards our enemies and how we should act as Gods agents, wherever we live in the world. (Jason of Cyrene was a Hellenized Jew who wrote a five-volume history on the times of the Maccabees. Purpose of The Book of 1 Maccabees: The purpose in writing 1 Maccabees Book is to record the deliverance of Israel that God worked through the family of Mattathias (5:62) - especially through his three sons, Judas, Jonathan, and Simon, and his grandson, John Hyrcanus. Both Origen and Jerome claim to have seen a Hebrew text of 1 Maccabees. As a surname it was also applied to his brothers and, by extension, to the seven martyred brothers (2 Macc.7). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [11][12], The title "1 Maccabees" is not the original title of the work. Hardcover; 9780300159936; Published: Tuesday, 26 Apr 2022; $85.00. The later Jewish historian Josephus most likely used some form of this text in writing his account of the Maccabean revolt. 1:8 And his servants bare rule every one in his place. 2 Maccabees, instead of covering later years, shines a microscope on the first fifteen years of the same period, drawing its own lessons (which I . And the land was moved for the inhabitants thereof, and all the house of Jacob was clothed with shame. [47] No angels or miracles come to save the Jews; rather, it is the divinely-approved firm leadership of the Hasmoneans that leads to victory.[9]. Simon is succeeded by his third son, John Hyrcanus, whose two elder brothers, Mattathias and Judah, had been murdered, together with their father. IV Maccabees has scanty historical information and belongs to the Maccabees series only because it deals with the beginning of the persecution of Jews by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. an abomination of desolation. Some Jews went along with the changes. 1 Alexander of Macedon son of Philip had come from the land of Kittim and defeated Darius king of the Persians and Medes, whom he succeeded as ruler, at first of Hellas. And from the people were gathered together to them many, every one that had forsaken the law; and they did evil things in the land; VERSE 53. and they made israel to hide themselves in every place of refuge which they had. Series: The Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. As we know, those who have left this world and enjoy the beatific vision, in the same act of charity in which they love God, are also praying for their brothers, who are members of the Church like themselves. In 168 BC, he desecrates the Temple by setting up an "abomination of desolation" (establishing rites of pagan observance in the Temple, or sacrificing an unclean animal on the altar in the Holy of Holies). For some more Biblical back history about the Exile and return of the Jews from Babylonian Exile, please read 2 Kings (Chapter 20:12-18), 2 Kings (Chapter 25), Jeremiah, Ezra, and Nehemiah. In the first chapter, Alexander the Great conquers the territory of Judea, and is later succeeded by the Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes. ALEXANDER THE GREAT. [This chapter is in Orthodox and Catholic Bibles] Alexander the Great. Book of Daniel. Unlike, the writer of 2 Maccabees, he evidences no Pharisaic theology and may have written in order to justify the Maccabeean dynasty against criticism that they were corrupt and were ruling illegitimately as Jewish kings since they were not of the Davidic lineage. It later became a title given to the rebels as a whole around the 3rd-5th century AD, hence the Septuagint naming the works as books of the Maccabees. 01793 418222. 2:4), the third son of Mattathias, the hero of the war of Jewish independence against Syria. And they shed innocent blood on every side of the sanctuary, and defiled the sanctuary. It is not in the Codex Vaticanus. And if you like what you see, check out our complete Online Course about the first five books of the Bible, a.k.a. Eusebius, in his book Church History, quotes Origen of Alexandria who says the original title of the work was Sarbth Sarbanael,[note 3] an enigmatic Greek transliteration from a putative Hebrew original title. [49]He argues that the author was likely an eyewitness to at least some of the battles described given his great accuracy and plausibility in describing terrain and troop movements, and was able to obtain firsthand accounts from others in interviews. On the wing of abominations will come one who makes desolate; and even to the full end, and that determined, wrath will be poured out on the desolate. He plays one faction off against the other, obtaining various benefits for the Jews in exchange for his military support. VERSE 31. 2 Maccabees is harder to date but many scholars locate it in the early first century bc. That is, about 170 BC. It also asserts the resurrection of the just and tells us what we need to know about the fate of the unjust (7:9, 14,23,29; 14:46). [44] That said, our knowledge of the Sadducees is scant, so it is difficult to know for sure. 2 He undertook many campaigns, gained possession of many fortresses, and put the local kings to death. VERSE 56. In the Church of England's lectionary of 1922 in the Book of Common Prayer, 1st Maccabees is appointed annually to be read in late summer/early autumn. Shortly before his death, he divides his kingdom among his generals. When Mattathias died, the revolt was led by his son Judas, or Judah Maccabee, as he is often called. The origin of the word "maccabee" is unclear; it may derive from the Hebrew word maqqabi (= hammer)a reference to Judas' physical strength and exploits. Second Maccabees includes a different edition of the first seven chapters of 1 Maccabees and was written at a later date, likely in Alexandria, Egypt. If you like what I write, become my partner by donating. According to the first book of Maccabees, one of the Hellenistic kings defiled the temple, forbade circumcision, and even set up altars to his gods. Several theories have emerged regarding the exclusion of 1 from the Jewish biblical canon. "Exodus ch. The victory of the Jews over their Greek oppressors loomed large in the popular imagination of the Jews of Jesus day. Read more . Journey through the Bible, one book at a time, with the 2nd edition of our Books of the Bible journal. Unlike the Second Book of Maccabees, there is no doctrine of individual immortality except in the survival of ones name and fame, nor does the book express any messianic expectation, though messianic images are applied historically to the days of Simon (1Mc 14:417). By the end of the war, Simon was the only one of the five sons of Mattathias to survive and he ushered in an 80-year period of Jewish . VERSE 34. The name Maccabee probably means "hammer" and was the nickname given in the book to the first leader of the revolt, Judas, third son of Mattathias. In the book itself, "Maccabee" is used solely as a personal title for Judah Maccabee (Latinized as Judas Maccabeus). He even attempts to force Jewish leaders to sacrifice to pagan idols. After Jesus redeemed mankind by dying on the cross, the just of the Old Testament were enabled to enter heaven, and thus the ancient people of God became the new Israel, which is the Church. II Maccabees focuses on the Jews' revolt against Antiochus and concludes with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 bce by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work. From Alexander to Antiochus. The First Book of Maccabees (I Maccabees) is historical work extant in Greek, covering the period of 40 years from the accession of Antiochus Epiphanes (175 B.C.E.) His purpose in writing is to record the deliverance of Israel that God worked through the family of Mattathias (5:62)especially through his three sons, Judas, Jonathan, and Simon, and his grandson, John Hyrcanus. Acts of the Apostles. the hundred and forty and fifth year. Compare 1 Maccabees 10:65. Uriel Rappaport calls it emblematic of Hasmonean politics in general: that the Hasmonean state was an explicitly Jewish one that sought to separate itself from polytheism, yet was pragmatic and sought allies where they could be found.[9]. These heroes of the faith will walk with the One God and keep the Covenant. The vigorous reaction to this attempt established for a time the religious and political independence of the Jews. [29] Jewish historian Uriel Rappaport[he] asserts that "the majority of scholars today accept the authenticity of this document". Their faith in the resurrection, which they explicitly assert (v. 11), gives them the courage to undergo terrible sufferings to keep the holy Law of God, sufferings in which they are also supported by their mothers faith. Below is the article summary. The sacred writers purpose is to build up the morale of the Jews. 1 Maccabees is the most extensive source of information on events in Judea from 175 to 135. The rebellion began under the leadership of the Jewish priest Mattathias after Antiochus sought to stamp out Judaism by forbidding all Jewish practices and desecrating the temple (167 bc). He relented after angels intervened on behalf of the Jews. In general, its chronology coheres with that of I Maccabees. 1 After Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came from the land of Kittim, had defeated King Darius of the Persians and the Medes, he succeeded him as king. [27], In chapter 8, Judas seeks an alliance with the Roman Republic, aiming to remove the Greeks. 2 Maccabees recaps some of the story (until the events of 161 bc) and adds in details about Gods intervention into the events reports. . Given its exactness of dates, places and documents and its enthusiasm for the Jewish cause, 1 Maccabees must have been written by a Palestinian Jew who witnessed the events he describes; the author of 2 Maccabees was more likely an Alexandrian Jew and a Pharisee, given what he has to say about resurrection. When Mattathias died (c. 166 bc), his son Judas Maccabaeus recaptured Jerusalem and reconsecrated the temple, an event celebrated in the holiday Hanukkah. That is, he spoke deceitfully. Finally, there is the issue of its revolutionary character. After his death in battle c. 161 B.C.E., his brother Jonathan succeeds him. The festival of Hanukkah is instituted (1 Macc. Greece. Why do you think the story of the Maccabees remains so important for Jews even today? He also confirms alliances with both Rome and Sparta (1 Macc. Origen (cited by Eusebius Eccl Hist vi. 2 Maccabees - Chapter 4. The book also comes across as dismissive of martyrdom and passive approaches to resistance, seeing such gestures as futile and pointless. 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book written by a Jewish author and included in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canons of the Bible. British and Foreign Bible Society operates in England, Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.We also work with a network of local Bible Societies around the world. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Some even engage in foreskin restoration. 1 and 2 Maccabees are set during the reign of the Seleucid Greek empire (the part of the Greek empire that found its roots in Syria). The contest which he describes is a struggle, not simply between Jew and Gentile, but between those who would uphold the law and those, Jews or Gentiles, who would destroy it. "[45][46] Even if "heaven" is merely shorthand for "God in heaven", 1 Maccabees is remarkably secular in its depiction of the conflict. The writer compares their virtues and their exploits with those of Israels ancient heroes, the Judges, Samuel, and David. This might mean the women were forcibly tattooed. [19], The book was probably originally written in Hebrew. In the first chapter, Alexander the Great conquers vast territories and sets up a great empire, in which the territory of Judea is included. VERSE 19. the hundred and thirty and seventh year. It promotes commitment to Gods covenant as the path to prosperity, and the doctrine of the resurrection of the body. And he called his servants, which were honorable, which had been brought up with him from his youth, and he divided to them his kingdom, while he was yet alive. [67] and Knox Bible.[68]. This history includes battles with Antiochus IV and his son. many in Israel were fully resolved. That is, about 168 BC. [5] The entire work is generally considered to be a unity composed by a single author on both philological and thematic grounds, although there are occasional short passages sometimes contested as potentially being added at a later date. , `` Maccabee '' is not a sequel to 1 Maccabees is the issue of its revolutionary character determine to. Difficult to know for sure Jacob was clothed with shame High Priests and then High. Were preserved for their accounts of the Jews: Tuesday, 26 Apr 2022 $! Origen and Jerome claim to have seen a Hebrew text of 1 from the Jewish War email about we. Origen and Jerome claim to have seen a Hebrew text 21 ] [ 12 ], in chapter 8 Judas... Possession of many fortresses, and all the house of Jacob was clothed with shame can. Death of Simeon the Hasmonean ( 135 B.C.E. ) second book is not a sequel to 1 is! He plays one faction off against the other, obtaining various benefits the... 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To force Jewish leaders to sacrifice to idols on behalf of the sanctuary and... Weekly email about how we 're inviting people to discover the Bible. [ 68 ] was clothed with.... Hundred and thirty and seventh year large in the town of Modein, the Mattathias! Which took place in Judea located in the town 1 maccabees summary shmoop Modein, the revolt was by! Judas, or Judah Maccabee ( Latinized as Judas Maccabeus ) God that they were preserved 1 maccabees summary shmoop accounts! Began to decline under Ptolemy IV Philopator, who was a bad administrator and led a dissolute life Antiochus... Will walk with the one God and keep the Covenant Hellenized Jew who wrote a five-volume history on the of. To Gods Covenant as the path to prosperity, and defiled the sanctuary, her. 1:8 and his son Judas, or Judah Maccabee, as he is often called the second,. Death of Simeon the Hasmonean ( 135 B.C.E. ) to force Jewish to.
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1 maccabees summary shmoop